There seems to be a number of causes for this error but in my experience it is most often encountered in a federated data model bringing data from different fact tables – joined by conformed dimensions – in which you have multiple sources for logical tables in the Business Model and Mapping layer.
If you encounter this error, it’s useful to examine the logical sql generated by your request. Paste it in to Administration > Issue SQL and remove columns one by one until you find the exact combination that throws the error.
Next, check you have the correct physical and logical joins between the affected tables. Sometimes the error will go away if you recreate the joins, particularly in the BMM layer after previously meddling with the physical sources/joins.
I’ve also seen this when there is a logical dimension table containing multiple sources and a key for one dimension hierarchy level references a column not present in one of the sources. A best practice here is to ensure your logical dimension hierarchy key columns are present in all LTS and of the same datatype in each physical source.